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| Keywords: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (12711537483).jpg will <br> be obviated With the general view advanced by Cuvier and <br> Brongniart and by Dr Buckland and more critically laid down by <br> Sir Charles Lyell I fully agree ; and my object now will merely be to <br> adduce some fresh proofs in its favour and to suggest a general <br> cause for the formation of these peculiar excavations <br> § 2 Special Phcenomena <br> As the name implies the pipes are common both under sand and <br> gravel beds They occur in fact wherever a loose and non-calcareous <br> permeable stratum of any extent overlies the Chalk or some calca- <br> reous rock They present an infinite variety but I will confine my- <br> self to the few essential points <br> Some years since I met with an instance of one of these pipes in <br> a chalk-pit near Lower Elmsden a few miles south-west of Canter- <br> bury which seemed to me conclusive of their formation by the slow <br> and gradual action of water after the deposition of the superincumbent <br> strata The following is a section of this sand-pipe <br> Fig 1 � Section of a Sand-pipe in a Chalk-pit near Lower Elmsden <br> Cl <br> a Thin stony band in the Thanet Sands <br> b Seam of clay and sand with green-coated flints <br> c Chalk <br> It will be observed that this pipe which is about 1 2 feet deep is <br> filled with the Thanet Sands underlaid by the seam of clay and <br> sand 6 with the angular green-coated flints which always occurs at <br> the base of this deposit It is not often that these sands are solidified <br> but in this case a thin band a is semi-indurated � just hard enough <br> to hold together in blocks when broken but not hard enough to allow <br> of any wear or exposure This layer of soft stone runs horizontally <br> about 2 feet above the surface of the chalk When however it reaches <br> the sand-pipe its continuity is interrupted and it is broken into a 35614635 110213 51125 Page 69 Text v 11 http //www biodiversitylibrary org/page/35614635 1855 Geological Society of London Biodiversity Heritage Library The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London v 11 1855 Geology Periodicals Smithsonian Libraries bhl page 35614635 dc identifier http //biodiversitylibrary org/page/35614635 smithsonian libraries Information field Flickr posted date ISOdate 2014-02-23 Check categories 2015 August 26 CC-BY-2 0 BioDivLibrary https //flickr com/photos/61021753 N02/12711537483 2015-08-26 20 51 08 cc-by-2 0 PD-old-70-1923 The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London 1855 Photos uploaded from Flickr by Fæ using a script | ||||
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