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| Keywords: Thyroid hormone synthesis.svg thyroid hormones Reference Chapter 48 SYNTHESIS OF THYROID HORMONES in cite book Walter F PhD Boron Medical Physiology A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch Elsevier/Saunders 2003 1300 1-4160-2328-3 Explanation Thyroglobulin is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and follows the secretory pathway to enter the colloid in the lumen of the thyroid follicle by exocytosis Meanwhile a sodium-iodide Na/I symporter pumps iodide I<sup>-</sup> actively into the cell which previously has crossed the endothelium by largely unknown mechanisms This iodide enters the follicular lumen from the cytoplasm by the transporter pendrin in a purportedly passive manner <ref>http //www touchbriefings com/pdf/2782/rousset pdf How Iodide Reaches its Site of Utilisation in the Thyroid Gland � Involvement of Solute Carrier 26A4 Pendrin and Solute Carrier 5A8 Apical Iodide Transporter - a report by Bernard A Rousset Touch Brieflings 2007</ref> In the colloid iodide I<sup>-</sup> is oxidized to iodine I<sup>0</sup> by an enzyme called thyroid peroxidase Iodine I<sup>0</sup> is very reactive and iodinates the thyroglobulin at tyrosyl residues in its protein chain in total containing approximately 120 tyrosyl residues In conjugation adjacent tyrosyl residues are paired together The entire complex re-enters the follicular cell by endocytosis Proteolysis by various proteases liberates thyroxine and triiodothyronine molecules Efflux of thyroxine and triiodothyronine from follicular cells which appears to be largely through monocarboxylate transporter MCT 8 and 10 <ref name FriesemaJansen2008 > cite journal Friesema Edith C H Jansen Jurgen Jachtenberg Jan-willem Visser W Edward Kester Monique H A Visser Theo J Effective Cellular Uptake and Efflux of Thyroid Hormone by Human Monocarboxylate Transporter 10 Molecular Endocrinology 22 6 2008 1357 �1369 0888-8809 10 1210/me 2007-0112 </ref><ref name BrixFührer2011 > cite journal Brix Klaudia Führer Dagmar Biebermann Heike Molecules important for thyroid hormone synthesis and action - known facts and future perspectives Thyroid Research 4 Suppl 1 2011 S9 1756-6614 10 1186/1756-6614-4-S1-S9 </ref> and entry into the blood Additional references for details reflist Mainly own Source image for nucleus derivative <gallery> File Plant cell structure svg svg Public Domain license </gallery> Mikael Häggström 2011-06-16 Thyroid hormone synthesis versions Cc-zero Thyroid | ||||
